Watch a toddler pick up a ball and then ask an adult to do the same task. What's the most obvious difference you notice? The toddler hinges at the hips, sitting back and down into a deep squat to grasp the ball, pulling it close to the body. The toddler powers through the hips, glutes and thighs in returning to the starting position. It's all in the hips!
Optimal movement patterning and proper lifting techniques never had to be taught to the toddler. They simply lifted without thinking. Functional movement is innate to the nervous system in pre-programmed stages of development. So, what happens during the time frame from toddler to adulthood that contributes to lifting technique going horribly wrong? Quite simply: We forget how to move. Add to that the laziness factor and countless hours people spend sitting in our culture, and you have a recipe for inefficient movement. Essentially, our rear-ends have now become our feet!
Dysfunctional movement patterning leads to compensations throughout the kinetic chain of movement. Mobility and stability balance of joints are impacted, leading to altered mechanics of joint centration. Soft-tissue extensibility dysfunction (tightness, stiffness, tonicity, adhesions) now contribute to lack of proper mobility. The brain follows the path of least resistance to avoid pain and threat, so it falls back on faulty movement patterns to accomplish a task.
Toddlers have to yet experience these outside contributors to movement dysfunction, otherwise known as life, and therefore move efficiently. The problem is adults don't' know they move wrong! They have crossed over to subconscious dysfunction; their brain perceives the abnormal movement patterning as normal. This inefficient movement leads to microtrauma, pain and injury.
Correcting Dysfunction With Reprogramming Exercises: The Hip Hinge
The dowel rod helps integrate thoracic spine extension and shoulder blade retraction to work the superior portion of the posterior chain.
It is our obligation to help heal the patient's injury and teach them to move better so they become empowered to take back control of their life from pain. It is essential to train clients with corrective exercise, coaching and cueing to consciously become aware of moving efficiently to reduce the likelihood of re-injury. The trick is to make them consciously aware of their movement dysfunction through intensive assessments and feedback. Then progress to corrective exercise mastering movements to an end goal of subconscious function. This is where they move correctly and efficiently without having to think about it, just like the toddler.
Teaching the hip hinge is a fundamental part of this reprogramming. The hip hinge, generally speaking, is any flexion / extension movement originating at the hips where there is a posterior weight shift. The hip hinge allows a person to maintain a neutral spine by moving at their hips instead of their low back. It most cases, you'll see it in a closed kinetic chain movement during which the torso is loaded, as in lifting something off the floor.
If you learn how to hip hinge properly and become proficient at the pattern, you'll be able to engage the pattern with progressive overloading with integrity and precision of execution. This is critical because strength of the posterior chain, mobility and stability balance at the hips form the basis for all ground-based movements. Developing the skill to efficiently perform the hip hinge will carry over to improved quality of life.
Most people will find it difficult to do the hip hinge correctly. You can coach and cue them until you are blue in the face; however, it will not help restore the patterning because their brain cannot sequence the movements properly. The most effective coaching cue is proprioceptive input. Using a dowel rod for neural feedback during the hinge allows a client to "feel" the movement and re-establish proper patterning without overloading the nervous system.
Too much sensory and motor input into correctives will overload the "neural circuits" and the client will default back to faulty patterning. So, the rule is to regress to progress. Hip hinge with smaller precision movements so the brain can harness the sequencing.
How to Perform the Dowel-Rod-Assisted Hip Hinge
- Stand with feet shoulder-width apart and a dowel running along the spine. One hand should be holding the dowel on the neck while the other hand holds the opposite end on the low back. (Alternate hand positions between sets.)
- Flex forward at the hip with slight knee bend. The dowel must remain in contact with the head, thoracic spine, and sacrum.
- Stretch should be felt in the hamstrings. Stop movement as soon as the rod leaves contact with head, thoracic spine or sacrum.
- Assistance may be added to "regress" the movement by placing a 1-2-inch block under the heels. This forces forward weight shift of the body so the client must sit back into the hips to prevent falling. Ankle support also removes the barrier of possible mobility issues in ankle dorsiflexion, which may prevent the squat patterning.
Research has shown that previous injury is the number-one risk factor for future injury. Motor control limitations such as balance, stabilization and basic coordination, right-to-left asymmetries in muscle activity and flexibility are the next highest indicators associated with risk of future injury. Since previous injury is unavoidable, we should focus on motor-control limitations and asymmetries as priorities for prevention or reduction of risk factors. Assume your clients move poorly and take steps to help master fundamental movements like the hip hinge; then watch the magic start to happen.
References
- Cook G. Movement: Functional Movement Systems : Screening, Assessment, and Corrective Strategies. Aptos, CA: On Target Publications, 2010.
- Liebenson C. Rehabilitation of the Spine: A Practitioner's Manual. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2007.
- Sahrmann S. Diagnosis and Treatment of Movement Impairment Syndromes. St. Louis: Mosby, 2002.
- "Teaching the Hip Hinge with Coach James Smith."| The Daily Muscle - The Busy Guy's Guide to Getting Bigger and Stronger, Aug. 18, 2011.
Click here for more information about Perry Nickelston, DC, FMS, SFMA.